Filtration and urine formation in the kidney

Historically teaching the concept of pressure and fluid flow related to urine production and kidney function has relied on visual adjuncts such as models, visual images (diagrams)to facilitate learning and assist students acquire the fundamental knowledge. Despite this, many students report that they find science subjects difficult. Understanding anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology associated with patient conditions and relating theoretical concepts to practice is of significance not only for students who struggle to meet academic and professional requirements but also for patient outcomes when students are on clinical placement.

A 3D visual model of the urinary system which navigates structure to allow demonstration of the working of microscopic structures within the kidney was developed. This included a semipermeable membrane to illustrate the function of the renal threshold and how this, pressure and disease states such as heart failure, diabetes and infection impact kidney function, and health status.

The interactive digital art animation application was used in CAVE2. The learner is immersed inside a learning environment that allows fly-through of structures, appraisal of 3D anatomical structures, to visualise fluid flow and provide a learning bridge to enhance knowledge acquisition.